Maslow s Theory Of Motivation - 1236 Words

Discuss Maslow’s Theory of motivation. How can it be applied at workplace? Discuss differences between Intrinsic and Extrinsic factors along with examples. One of the most popular theories is Abraham Maslow’s theory of inspiration which tells that people to achieve certain needs gets inspired under certain conditions and one of the basic needs to get motivated is survival and this is the first and foremost thing which motivates someone’s behavior. Maslow’s theory comprises five tiers of human needs which are divided mainly in three broad categories that are 1) Basic needs a) Physiological needs: comprises things like food, water, rest, home etc. b) Safety needs: comprises security, law, stability, freedom etc. 2) Psychological needs a)†¦show more content†¦INTRINSIC MOTIVATION: Intrinsic motivation is the motivation which comes from inside an individual because we enjoy the activity itself. It’s the self desire to seek out or to bring out something new. For example: If someone wakes up early in the morning and does exercises, yoga and pranayam for keeping the body healthy and for the self pleasure, then he is self motivated or intrinsically motivated person. EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION Extrinsic motivation is the motivation which comes from outside or from others. An individual do things for tangible rewards or pressures, rather than for the fun of it. For example: If a student is not working hard then he is motivated by his parents and teachers to get good grades and to work harder by giving different examples of successful people which comes under extrinsic motivation. Describe the main decision traps faced by the individuals. How these may be avoided? 1) Framing The foremost step in decision making is to frame a question which is quiet dangerous as how one forms a question influence your choice. How to avoid: a) Don’t automatically accept the initially made frame. Check the problem by different ways and perspectives and frame accordingly. b) Putting yourself in the situation c) Take time and Think and check the distortions made by the problem. 2) Overconfidence Sometimes a person flows in the sea of overconfidence about his judgmental abilities and accuracy as heShow MoreRelatedMaslow s Theory On Human Motivation1310 Words   |  6 PagesMaslow’s (1943) hierarchy of needs was one of the earliest theories developed on human motivation. With the basic principle that higher-level motives could not become active before the basic needs had been met (Lahey, 2001). Maslow suggested that these basic needs such as food, water and safety needed to be in place and satisfied before motivation to meet higher needs is possible and takes effect. Maslow (1943) organised these human needs into five sets and then arranged those into a pyramid, withRead MoreMotivation And Maslow s Theory1324 Words   |  6 Pages In order to understand a person motivation you have to understand individuals basic needs and whether are not they are being met. A good manager has to know how those need interact with a person’s motivation and Maslow Theory is the good example. Maslow’s theory is that needs are arranged in a hierarchy, the lowest level needs physiological needs to the highest levels or self-actualization needs (Ivancevich et al., 2011). Physiological is the lowest level and it is the need for food and shelterRead MoreAbraham Maslow s Theory On Motivation1390 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Maslow Many psychologists have been influential in the field of psychology but one of those that has achieved this more than most was Abraham Maslow. Abraham Maslow (April 1, 1908- June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist who is best known for his theories on motivation, his hierarchy of needs and as being one of the founding fathers of humanistic psychology (Popova, date unknown). As he is largely associated with such themes such as motivation, needs and humanistic psychology the assignmentRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Motivation Essay1323 Words   |  6 Pagesmotivational theories discussed. Many of the theories discussed have raised great awareness to the issue of motivation and how to properly inspire people for high performance within an organization. Although many motivational theories address the topic in a serviceable way, there have been four that have stood out from the rest: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Hygiene Theory, McGregor’s XY Theory, and Expectancy Theory I would consider to be the most significant theories of motivation. AbrahamRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Human Motivation Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1943 Humanistic Psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed his Theory of Human Motivation. In this paper he outlines what he believes to be a humans hierarchy of needs. Maslow suggests in his journal that one must meet the needs of the previous level before moving on to meet the needs of the next one on the hierarchy. According to Maslow there are 5 tiers of human needs: physiological, security, belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization. In Welch, West Virginia Jeanette and her siblings must adjustRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Motivation1684 Words   |  7 PagesMaslow 1943 believed individuals have a set of motivations that are related to rewards and their unconscious desires. People are motivated to achieve certain needs and once their needs are fulfilled individuals will move on to the next one (Corey, 2005). Maslow created a five stage hierarchy of needs pyramid he stated that basic needs m ust be met in order to progress onto the next level of needs. These are the following needs Maslow identified on the pyramid: 1. physiological 2. safety 3.Read MoreMaslow s Theory Of Motivation1103 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ NEED THEORIES Need theories describes motivation as â€Å"the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organisational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need† In this context, a need is an internal state that cause a specific result to look pleasant. An individual’s drives are stimulated when tension is created due to an unsatisfied need. A search behaviour is generated to locate specific goals, if this is obtained, the need will be satisfied and the tensionRead MoreAbraham Maslow s Theory Of Human Motivation1670 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Maslow Abraham Maslow was always visually examining the greater scope of human nature. Whereas most of his counterparts of his day seemed to be more concerned with a narrower scope, Maslow s own vision was far-reaching. His lifetime of revelations in motivation and personality transcended academic psychology, and extended into the major business fields of management and marketing. Maslow additionally explored how and individual perceives their existence and beginning to display signs ofRead MoreMaslow S Theory Of Motivation And Hierarchy Of Needs2239 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs Theory Pablo Valdez Liberty University Abstract Abraham Maslow introduced a very simple way of understanding the needs of a person. The Hierarchy of Needs sorts the needs of the lowest and most basic levels to the higher levels. Maslow then arises within their theory of personality, the concept of hierarchy of needs, which needs are structurally organized with varying degrees of power, according to a biological determination given by our genetic makeupRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Human Motivation901 Words   |  4 PagesIn our everyday lives, we go through certain needs and behaviors. Abraham Maslow’s article of Theory of Human Motivation begins with the explanation of the Basic Needs of behavior. He goes over how our basic needs are safety, love, self-esteem, and self-actualization. (Physiological needs tend to go along with the other four needs.) When it comes to craving violence, four of the above needs apply to the given behavior. Starting with physiological needs; they are those needs that include survival

The Battle for Power in the Garden of Eden Essay - 618 Words

The struggle for power in the world, in life, in jobs or in relationships has been an ongoing theme in humanity. Many philosophers and thinkers have explored humanitys desire to be in control. Hemingway was one author to explore womans desire (during the early 1900s) to be in control of, or at least equal to, her husband. In The Garden of Eden by Ernest Hemingway, the anti-heroine, Catherine, goes to great lengths to gain power in her relationship with her husband. Her need to be equal causes her to `make herself into a boy, keep secrets from her husband, try to control him in various ways, introduce another woman into their relationship and burn all of Davids stories. All of these acts also eventually lead her into insanity. In†¦show more content†¦She cannot bear the fact that she is lesser than him so she does all things possible to make herself equal to David and control him. She knows that with enough pushing and whining, she can get David to do almost anything she wants him to do and towards the end of the book, even tells him that she knows he will do anything she asks him to do. At one point, Catherine tells Marita that David has been using her money to fund his books. Her simple statement reveals that she prizes this one thing that she can lord over David. It is just one of the few things that she has that makes her more in control. As Catherine progresses more and more into her sick perversion, she meets a girl called Marita and decides that Marita and David should form a relationship in addition to the one they already have. The fact that she wants to have another woman in their relationship is an odd one. One would wonder why she would ever want to do this. However, the answer to the question of why she acts in this way is control. The fact that she introduced Marita and David gives her much pleasure because she knows that she is the reason for Davids happiness. She has controlled another aspect of his life by putting this other woman in the picture. She also tries to control every aspect of the two relationships by designating days in which Marita and David will be together and then days in which she and David will be together. Whenever Catherine feels likeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Great Gatsby 1579 Words   |  7 Pagestherefore his literature demonstrates it’s religion . For example, when Giovanni, the medical student, is observing Doctor Rappaccini’s garden. The first thing he notices is all the great vegetation. As he continues observing, he sees Rappaccini is touching the plants with gloves and he is being very careful not to inhale its fragrance. He wonders if this garden is the Eden of modern times in the following passage: Nevertheless, in spite of the deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacyRead MoreThe Sacredness Of Mount Moriah1604 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Covenant in Exodus 25. This tangible presence of God did not reside in one location, but traveled with the Jewish people inside a tabernacle as instructed by the Lord. This physical representation of the divine led the Israelite armies into battle and assisted them in their journey to the promise land. The permanent placement of the Ark inside Solomon’s Temple is seen as the permanent residence for the tangible presence of the Israelite God. Solomon speaks to the Lord after constructing theRead More Food as Symbol and Symbolism in Toni Morrison’s Beloved Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pagesstories from the Bible – the story of the Fall from Grace in the Garden of Eden in the Old Testament and the story of Jesus’ feeding of the hungry with an endless supply of loaves and fishes in the New Testamen t. In these passages of Beloved, Morrison relocates the reader to the true beginning of the story, the day that Sethe tries to kill her children. In addition, the passage alludes to the eating of the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden and the overindulgence is analogous to the parable of the LoavesRead MoreThemes Of Art : Religion / Mythology And Worship1271 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Bible. In this story, David accepts Goliaths challenge to a duel that will decide the outcome of the battle between the Israelites and the Philistines. Barefoot and armor less, David uses his sling to launch a stone at the forehead of Goliath, bringing down his mighty foe. After Goliath is brought down upon his chest, David takes Goliaths great sword and cuts off his head, winning the battle for the Israelites. Painted in the 17th century, David Slaying Goliath was a post Renaissance paintingRead MoreHuman Sin in Boschs Garden of Delights Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Sin in Boschs Garden of Delights Hieronymus Bosch, a Nertherlandish painter is known for his fantastic visual interpretations of hell, death sin and folly. Little is known about Bosch except that he spent his life in the provincial town of sHertogenbosch and that he died an old man in 1516. His work, full of weird and seemingly irrational imagery has proved so difficult to interpret that much of it despite the remarkable insights contributed by recent research, remains unsolved. This studyRead MoreThe And Benefits Of Human Sin1341 Words   |  6 Pagesof Knowledge, and the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden all share in common the stern consequences of human actions in the face of God. The significance of these biblical events are often associated with negative views of the punishments that were placed. The Tower of Babel is associated with God’s punishment of â€Å"scattering† humans across the earth thus separating a once unified people. The expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden for eatin g the Fruit of the tree of Knowledge is discernedRead MoreSymbols in Perelandra by C.S. Lewis1932 Words   |  5 Pagesrelevant fantasy novels ever written. Set on the exotic planet of Perelandra (Venus), it contains within its pages the Creation legend of Adam and Eve, set in our time but in a different world. Perelandra is a story of an unspoiled world, the Garden of Eden denied to the residents of earth but still open to the two inhabitants of Perelandra. C.S. Lewis uses this unspoiled planet to retell the biblical creation myth of Adam and Eve. In the book, Maleldil, the supernatural ruler of the Solar SystemRead MoreGood vs. Evil1659 Words   |  7 Pagesenjoyed killing these spearmen, making him Beowulf s first evil creature. Evil in Beowulf is also considered to never be satisfied almost like an addiction in which no assault can quench Grendel. Power would also be a good characteristic because Grendel is seen to be powerful, having some sort of magical powers and canâ€℠¢t be harmed by weapons. The Danes fear of Grendel makes him even more powerful because no one dares challenge him. Grendel’s only fear is that of king Hrothgar’s throne because it is â€Å"protectedRead MoreHesiods Theogony And Genesis Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pagesapproaches; yet, still sharing many similarities. Available evidence suggests that gods(goddesses) and God are, in fact, not omnipotent especially at gaining â€Å"power† despite their astonishing fortes. Their desires and limited faculties ultimately lead the world into a disarrayed predicament. Gods and goddesses use different methods of obtaining power; those in Theogony primarily focused on cooperation and coalition, while God in Genesis emphasizes on creation and discovery. Research on Greek MythologyRead MoreMyths and Legends from the World Essay1062 Words   |  5 Pagescreated animals so that Adam would not be by himself. But God saw that Adam needed a human partner, so he put Adam to sleep and took one of his ribs from his side and created Eve. Adam and Eve had a garden called Eden, Eden had four rivers the flowed out of the garden and into the world, but the Garden of Eden is a different myth. God made a tree, the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, the tree had a fruit that was forbidden. God said not to eat the forbidden fruit, but the serpent on the tree persuaded

Poland’s Yacht-Building Industry Rides the Crest of Wave Free Essays

Poland’s yacht-building industry rides crest of wave While Poland’s famous Gdansk shipyards face an uncertain future, the country’s yachting industry, centred in the northern Lake District, is experiencing phenomenal growth and is set to become a European yacht-building hub. Exports already reach almost all corners of the world due to a combination of good quality and low prices helped by the falling dollar. â€Å"We hold first place in Europe in the production of sailing yachts six to nine metres long,† claims Marek Slodownik, an official in the Polish Chamber of Boating Industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Poland’s Yacht-Building Industry Rides the Crest of Wave or any similar topic only for you Order Now Slodownik says that yachts hold sixth place on the list of exported industrial products, with more than 95% of the sailing and motor yachts made in Poland now going for export, chiefly to Germany, the UK, France and Norway. â€Å"Sales of yachts grew by 12% in 2006 against 2005, and 2007 is expected to be quite a good year too,† predicts Slodownik. Indeed, the value of exported yachts was PLN440m (â‚ ¬123m) in the first six months of 2007, Poland’s Central Statistical Office reports, with about 9,000 yachts sold abroad during the period. Norway bought 1,900 yachts, France 1,800, and Germany 1,500.Polish yachts, in smaller quantities, were exported to French Polynesia, Japan, Hong Kong and Australia. â€Å"The yacht-building sector is growing swiftly and Poland can become a European centre in the area of yacht construction,† reckons Marek Wilanowski, owner and CEO of the company Skipper Yachts, another major Polish producer that expects to boost production by 30% next year. â€Å"Our future is exports. † Diving for pearls The situation of the yacht-building business stands in stark contrast to that of the country’s shipbuilding one.The government’s battle to save the Gdansk shipyard with dollops of aid, despite criticism from the European Commission, culminated in an agreement in November to sell the complex to a Ukrainian company. Even so, the shipyard now employs only about 3,000 people, a fraction of the workforce it had when communist rule ended in 1989. The same market forces that deteriorated the standing of the shipyards are the same forces that have allowed the yacht-building sector to develop. Initially, there were small workshops making basic yachting equipment such as ropes or various gadgets.Over the years they have grown in power and in number. About 100 yacht- and boat-building companies were recorded by 2005. Their managers formed the Polish Chamber of Boating Industry and Water Activities in 2006 to promote the sale of yachts abroad and in Poland. Annual boat shows held in Lodz, central Poland, drew clients from all over Europe for many years eager to see brigs, barques, sloops and schooners. â€Å"Only 10 years ago, exported yachts were sold under the logo of the western companies we cooperate with,† says Slodownik. Now the products carry the names of the Polish yacht yards because their quality is so good. † The managers of the yacht yards are optimistic about their future. Wojciech Kot, head of the Polish Chamber of Boating Industry and owner of the Delphia Yachts yard at Olecko, northern Poland, one of the country’s biggest, says the demand for yachts is so high that prices are now rising. â€Å"We are also asked to produce more luxury yachts,† says Kot, whose company employs 600 workers and makes 2,000 motorboats and 300 sailing yachts annually.A luxury-class, nine-metre-long yacht with a shower, kitchenette and beds costs about â‚ ¬56,000. Given that the manufacturers buy yacht equipment for dollars, chiefly in the US, the falling rate of the dollar means that the prices of the Polish yachts are very competitive on the international markets this year. â€Å"That is why there is such high demand for the Polish yachts and motor boats,† says Andrzej Margalski, th e manager of AM Yacht Service at Ostroda. Margalski runs a family business, employs 25 highly skilled workers and makes about 130 motor boats annually. How to cite Poland’s Yacht-Building Industry Rides the Crest of Wave, Papers

International Organizations and Sustainable - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theInternational Organizations and Sustainable Tourism. Answer: Introduction The tourism fraternity is one of the largest and fastest developing industries in the world. It has remained pivotal in defining the economic status of most countries across the world. In addition, the industry has not only created wealth but also presented many individuals with employment opportunities thereby raising their standards of living. Tourism mainly involves the process by which the attractive aspects of nature including plants, animals and geographical sites are conserved through effective methods hence making these sites attractive to tourists. Individuals visit animal parks, natural sites comprising unique geographical set ups, lovely water bodies and beautiful forests harboring various species of plants and animals (Ashley and Goodwin, 2007). Such activities are always meant for entertainment and recreational purposes. However, when these regions are upgraded and conserved through the establishment of appropriate structures and management, the people visiting the touri st attraction sites are allowed to do so in exchange for a fee which in turn defines the industry as a major source of income for most countries. One of the basic aspects of tourism is the ecosystem which is the major platform on which all the attractive aspects about nature tend to exist. Consequently, the best approach to sustaining tourism would involve the implementation of efficient strategies to enhance the conservation of the ecosystem (Pronk, 2004)). The human activities in addition to other factors act as a threat to the continuity in the ability of the ecosystem to sustain tourism. In order to curb this challenge, various international organizations like UNESCO, UNEP, OECD and UNTWO just to mention but few, have come up with and hence implemented strategies meant to enhance the sustainability of tourism. This paper discusses the role of international organizations in the planning and implementation of strategies aimed at tourism sustainability and development. Roles of International Organizations Due to the crucial role of the tourism industry in defining the economic development of many countries, there is an inevitable need to identify and hence implement structures which would sustain its development. The environment is a crucial determinant of the extent to which a given region or surrounding remains attractive to tourists. The environment is characterized by the distribution of vegetation, type of soil, nature of terrain and the general topography. (Cooper et al., 2005). The vegetation in turn may attract animal activities leading to increase in population and the eventual complexity of the ecosystem. When this provision of nature is harnessed and improved through artificial means, for instance the creation of boundaries and confines, the environment is therefore converted into an important asset which earns the region good income through tourism. However, it is a fact worth noting that the environment ought to be sustained through effective measures. This is the point w here the roles of the international organizations become eminent. For instance, the United Nations Environmental Program has played a crucial role in enhancing environmental conservation which in turn has helped in maintaining a healthy balance within the ecosystem (Costa, 2001). In addition to offering educational services to societies around the tourist attraction areas on the importance of tourism attraction, UNEP has consistently provided material and financial support to most countries especially in Africa. These forms of aid are always meant to enable the better management of the tourist attraction sites. For example, between 2000-2005, the organization rolled out a program cutting across most countries in Asia and Africa aimed at educating and supporting the society in a bid to encourage the conservation of the natural environment (Garlick, 2002). The main objective of the organization in this case was to realize the conservation of the natural habitat for the various species of plants and animals which were otherwise diminishing as a result of human activities such as industrialization and agriculture. In order to enhance the sustainability of tourism, there is the need to upgrade the accessibility of the sites through good infrastructure and facilities. The international organizations have provided financial and material support to the tourism management bodies in a bid to assist in developing a good network of roads which in turn enhances accessibility (Gartner, 2003). The movement of tourists while within the attraction centers is adequately enhanced when the infrastructural arrangements are effective enough. Good network of roads go a long way in enhancing convenience especially when it comes to the movement of tourist into and within the attraction centers. The other important aspect of good infrastructure is the establishment of a reliable system of communication. Through communication, it becomes easier for the managers to have productive interactions with the clients, giving the schedules, charges and the necessary guidelines to support successful visits (Gssling, 2009). Th e international organizations such as UNEP and UNESCO have remained in the front row supporting different tourism bodies to help them achieve state of the art infrastructural systems. According to the World Commission on Environment and Development, the strategies applied to enhance sustainable tourism ought to be accompanied by the conservations of cultures, social and aesthetic values of the society. The international organizations have been instrumental in helping the tourism regions to sustain the strategies meant for economic development. For instance, in 2012 the Asian Development Bank (ADB) funded the development of the Greater Mekong Subregion. Through this strategy, the region realized a tremendous increase in the number of tourists to about 44.8 million. The organization achieved this by streamlining the visa requirements in addition to improving land and air connectivity in the region. By creating the right media through which individuals can move, the international organizations do not only enhance the development of the tourism centers but empowers the surrounding society as well. Through this strategy, sustainability is easily achieved especially when the set standards are maintained. Sustainable tourism largely calls for the effective management of the available natural resources in order to enhance the realization of economic and social benefits. In line with this argument it can be noted that the process of managing natural resources in order to sustain tourism may require special skills, idea and knowledge especially that of the ecosystem (Hughes, 2009). This therefore implies that the society needs constant exposure and education on matters of environmental conservation and management of the ecosystem. One of the international organizations which has remained instrumental in the provision of educational programs to the society is United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Being a pivotal member of the United Nations, the organization has introduced various educational programs in most countries in Asia, Europe and Africa. These programs are characterized by informative courses given to the members of the public on the benefits of environmental conservation which culminates in the conservation of the natural habits has sustaining tourism. The other example is the International Labor Organization which has worked closely with several tourism related bodies like the Ministry of Tourism Cambodia to ensure that the right employment procedures are used in a bid to enhance the workers welfare. The organization also encourages and supports staff empowerment through training and motivation. The trainings involve the introduction of scientific and more environmental friendly alternatives to human activities especially those that lead to environmental pollution. For instance, through the educational programs, the international bodies sensitize the members of the society on alternative and safer methods of waste disposal which go a long way in minimizing water, air and land pollution. Through these, the natural habitats for both plants and animals are conserved which offers a good ground on which the development of t ourism can be based. The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNTWO) has done a crucial job in introducing effective strategies aimed at enhancing sustainable tourism. The organization has done this by working closely with the governments of the affiliated countries, suggesting and implementing the relevant policies meant at enhancing the effective management of resources. The organization for instance encourages the governing authorities to implement staunch measures and punishments on individuals found guilty of environmental degradation by taking part in illegal activities (Korstanje and George, 2012). For instance, the World Tourism Organization has remained in the fore front on the war against unfair treatment of wildlife through illegal activities such as poaching (Lemelin, Dawson and Stewart, 2013). The international organization has also suggested effective approaches which would be used to modernize the process of tourism management. Such approaches may involve the use of modern structures in putting up boundaries to protect the wildlife from unwanted human activities (Phelps, 2006). The organization also supports the managers through seminars and exhibitions where the tourism employees as well as the other members of the society are empowered to various natural resource management measures. The core objective of sustainable tourism is to promote social, economic and aesthetic values. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has played a crucial role in enhancing the achievement of the objective above. The organization does this by promoting and suggesting the necessary policies to the various governing authorities across the world (Richardson and Crompton, 2008). These policies when implemented enhance economic, social and aesthetic values. The organization therefore creates the society, the visible link between effective management of natural resources and the resulting economic, social and aesthetic benefits of these activities. The role of OECD in this case involves encouraging the society to capture the economic and social importance of the natural environment in sustaining tourism and hence embrace the need to conserve this very environment. Conclusion From the discussion above, it can be deduced that the international organizations have played a good role in enhancing the sustainability of tourism activities in various countries across the world. Organizations such as UNEP, UNESCO, ADB, OECD, ILO and UNTWO have taken part in various initiatives aimed at empowering the society on the need for environmental conservation which in turn enhances sustainable tourism. The organizations enhance sustainable tourism through educational programs offered to both the employees and the members of the public. They also provide financial and material support to aid in the establishment of better structures which make tourism management easier and effective. Finally, in coordination with the governing authorities, the international organizations have introduced polices aimed not only at regulating undesired human activities but promoting safe practices which retain the balance within the ecosystem. This consequently goes a long way in enhancing su stainable tourism. References Ashley, D. and Goodwin, H (2007) Pro-Poor Tourism Strategies: Making Tourism Work for the Poor, London: ODI. Cooper, Chris; et al. (2005) Tourism: Principles and Practice. Harlow: Pearson Education Costa, P. (2001) Managing tourism carrying capacity of art cities. The Tourist Review, 46(4), pp. 811. Garlick, S. (2002) Revealing the unseen: Tourism, art and photography. Cultural Studies, 16(2), pp. 289305. Gartner, W. (2003) Image formation process. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 2, pp. 191216 Gssling, S. (2009) Ecotourism: a means to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Ecological Economics 29(2), pp. 303-320. Hughes, H. (2009) Tourism and the arts. Tourism Management, 10(2), pp. 9799. Korstanje, M. and George, B. (2012) Global warming and tourism: chronicles of apocalypse?. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 4(4), pp. 332-355. Lemelin, H., Dawson, J. and Stewart, E. (2013) Last chance tourism: adapting tourism opportunities in a changing world. New York: Routledge. Phelps, A. (2006) Holiday destination image: The problem of assessmentan example developed in Minorca. Tourism Management, 7(3), pp. 168180. Pronk, J. (2004) Catalysing development? A debate on aid, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Richardson, S. and Crompton, J. (2008) Cultural variations in perceptions of vacation attributes. Tourism Management, 9(2), pp. 128-36.

Lost Moments Essays - Frozen, Anger, , Term Papers

Lost Moments Deep inside I was glad I was the chosen, Outwardly cool, yet within I was frozen, I cut to the corner so the play could unfold, But a teammate did not do as he was told, The point-guard was stuck, he was forced to shoot, I watched the ball go right through the hoop, The crowd cheered, the team jumped for joy, Everyone surrounded the heroic young boy, I too cheered so no one would see, What I really felt was,"It should have been me!," Disappointment, anger, looking to blame, "Did I miss my dream chance at fame?"

Inclusive Education Essay Example

Inclusive Education Essay Example Inclusive Education Essay Inclusive Education Essay Harmonizing to Verma A ; Bagley. Equality has long been a major end of instruction around the universe. Equally early as 1948. Article 26 of the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that. everyone has the right to education and education shall be free. at least at the simple and cardinal stages ( 2007. p. 3 ) . In relation to this statement. most authoritiess who are members of the United State have made significant attempts geared towards the realisation of this Universal Declaration of Human rights. There is a believable grounds to propose that educational investing on an person non merely profit the single personally ; in footings of their net incomes. but the society as a whole in both economic and societal countries ( Verma. A ; Bagley. 2007 ) . Inclusion is a doctrine that focuses on the procedure of seting the place. school and the larger society to suit individuals with diverse demands. All persons irrespective of their differences are accorded the chance to interact. drama. learn. work and see the feeling of belonging. Besides. they are besides allowed to develop in conformity with their possible and abilities. Inclusion hence. calls for assorted individuals to be to the full involved in all facets of life which include: instruction. employment. entree to information. determination doing procedure. community and domestic activities. recreational and societal activities. and entree to consumer goods and services such as electricity and clean H2O supply ( Hegarty. 1993 ) . Inclusion is about the followers: welcoming diverseness. profiting all ( scholars ) with or without particular demands. kids in or out of school who may experience excluded. supplying equal entree to instruction to all scholars. uninterrupted hunt to happening better ways of reacting to diverseness. designation and remotion of barriers to instruction. exciting creativeness and job resolution by all. scholars who risk marginalisation. exclusion and/or underachievement of all scholars. reforming schools and other establishments to guarantee that every kid receives quality and appropriate instruction within these schools. and holding a positive head set and get down seeing the possibilities instead than impossiblenesss. and eventually it is about bettering larning environment and supplying chances for all scholars to go successful in their acquisition experiences ( Hegarty. 1993 ) . Inclusive instruction is a doctrine that ensures that. schools. Centres of acquisition and other educatio nal scenes and systems are unfastened to all kids. This enables the scholars to be included in all facets of school-life. Harmonizing to UNESCO ( 2001 ) . Inclusive Education takes the Education For All docket preface. This is done by happening the ways of enabling schools to function all scholars in their communities as portion of an Inclusive Education. Therefore. an inclusive school includes scholars with assorted diversenesss and differentiates educational experiences to provide for the assorted diversenesss ( UNESCO. 2001 ) . The benefits of Inclusive Education include. all scholars learn and grow in the environment that they will finally populate and work. As engagement of those who are different takes root. all scholars and instructors gain the virtuousnesss of being suiting. accepting. patient and co-operative. Other kids gain some valuable virtuousnesss such as being considerate. patient and low as they support their equals with particular demands. It should besides be remembered that some kids with particular demands are every bit good gifted and hence other kids or scholars can every bit good profit organize them therefore. it is non merely the other manner unit of ammunition. Besides. Inclusive Education offers to the instructors. an chance to portion thoughts and cognition with each other. parent. and important others. therefore doing instruction a meaningful facet of mundane life. The besides develop their accomplishments and abilities when working as a squad to turn to the challenges. This may besides hike their position in the community. In add-on. Inclusive Education creates a school for all. where everybody benefits ensuing to an inclusive society. Further. the self-pride of kids who have particular demands in instruction is improved. Inclusive Education is cost effectual and gives equal chances to all kids. therefore advancing the right to all to instruction. Some of the concerns from the pedagogues about barrier to inclusion often include: the school factors which include schoolroom factors like hapless schoolroom agreement. pupil factors like negative attitudes of scholar with or without particular demands towards each other. teacher factor which might run from negative attitude towards scholars with particular demands to inadequate preparation on assorted facets of Inclusive Education. Harmonizing to Loreman. Deppeler A ; Harvey. Secondary instructors in Victoria. Australia. were found to miss the accomplishments required to modify course of study for kids with diverse abilities and were reported to be in pressing demand of preparation in this country in a survey conducted by Grbich and Sykes. ( 2005. p. 6 ) . Curriculum factor which. frequently. is largely stiff and some instructors lack the ability or knowhow to modify it ; hence. make non take into consideration the demands of the diverse scholars. There are sub- standard authorities schools. negative attitude on the portion of policy shapers towards instruction of kids with particular demands. particular instruction is at times planned on disablement degrees instead than on ability degrees. there is a correlativity between disablement and utmost poorness degrees ( Hegarty A ; Alur. 2002 ) . The other major concern is the support services and resource factors. Learners with particular demands require basic support servicers for larning to be effectual in an inclusive scene which are normally missing in most inclusive scene. Examples of support services that can be made available to these scholars include the undermentioned: resource suites which should be adequately resourced. itinerant services. proviso of educational resources relevant to their demands. parental support is besides really overriding. proficient support such as gestural linguistic communication translators and Braille translators. teacher-aides. peer support. physical therapy. counsel and guidance. occupational therapies. community support and eventually. proviso of needed equipment ( Daniels A ; Garner. 1999 ) . One of the major faltering blocks to inclusion prevarications in the fiscal agreement presently in topographic point. Funding agreements do non promote inclusion. and the job is non alone to England and Wales. The state of affairs is similar in USA ( Daniels A ; Garner 1999 p. 70 ) . Collaboration and community engagement is really of import. Lack of the same frequently hinders the procedure of inclusion. Collaboration and co mmunity engagement can be done through parental engagement. community engagement. partnership and networking. school direction engagement. synergistic relationships among the assorted stakeholders and place based programmes ( Hornby. 1995 ) . Some of the best patterns that might relieve the challenges faced in the pattern of Inclusive Education may be adopted from the rules of Inclusive Education. These are rules that govern the pattern of Inclusive Education. It calls for equalisation of chances for all scholars to see normal mainstream activities. while doing deliberate and appropriate steps to guarantee quality instruction for all. Besides. Inclusive Education calls for a kid centred course of study and the scholar to go to the school that he would of course travel to in his community if he had no particular demands. In add-on. it advocates for handiness to the acquisition procedure and course of study by all scholars by distinguishing the acquisition and appraisal procedure harmonizing to the learner’s demands ( Mitchell. 2007 ) . Furthermore. Inclusive Education addresses the demands of all scholars with seeable or unseeable larning troubles such as ocular. hearing. physical. rational. communicating. emotional and behavioral. mourning from HIV and AIDs. kid maltreatment. poorness. racism. undernourishment. emotional effects of war. divorce. household separation and life on streets. It besides recognises and caters for single differences in race. faith. abilities. disablements or fortunes are non seen as challenges but as resources. Inclusive Education besides plans for positive acquisition chances with support to scholars with particular demands as an built-in portion of the ordinary school. Even further. Inclusive Education requires alteration of negative attitude. negative behavior. learning methodological analysiss. course of study. and environments to run into the demands of all scholars. hence get the better ofing barriers to larning and development and eventually. Inclusive Education calls on particular demands instruction service suppliers to work closely with others within the community such as wellness and societal worker stressing bar and early intercession schemes to minimise the happening and the impact of disablements in the community. Decision In Inclusive Education. we endeavour to supply a comprehensive educational program that modifies the mainstream course of study to give maximal chance to kids with particular demands. kids who are marginalised. and kids who are vulnerable every bit good as those who are neglected ; in order for them to go productive members of the society. Developing positive attitude in parents. instructors. equals and the community at big towards the assorted classs of kids with particular demands ( Mitchell. 2007 ) . Supplying equal chances to all kids to portion cognition. resources and experiences. Proposing attacks and learning methodological analysiss to suit all kids in regular categories irrespective of their diversenesss or disablements. Developing and implementing a course of study that is all inclusive or flexible and accessible. Reaching the unapproachable kids and young persons within the regular instruction. Facilitating inclusion of kids in all facets of life. Identifying and minimising if non eliminating all barriers to larning and development. and eventually. minimising the effects of disablements on the kid ( Smith. 1998 ) .

Bussiness Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bussiness Organisations - Essay Example The relationship between leadership and national culture has often been held to impact closely the success and failure of an organisation in terms of leadership style, motivation and employee performance(Bass, 1990; Collins and Porras, 1996).In the context of National culture at least academics have pointed out that transformational leadership attributes which pertain to empowerment and perception contribute to employee job satisfaction and commitment in a very positive way (Iverson and Roy, 1994). The business academia has often focused upon the influence of gender on leadership and its various dimensions. When we are thus perusing the relationship between gender role and leadership style academics have pointed out towards a tendency of attaching "masculinity with task-oriented leadership styles and femininity with relationship-oriented ones".(Oshagbemi and Gill, 2003).It is perceived by the researchers and the academia that if sexes are perceived so differently in organizations their leadership styles would also differ a lot and this would seem likely that leadership styles are also different. Leadership is morality magnified"(Ciulla, 2006:17).In this regard this section seeks to define the relationships between ethics and leadership in the organisational context.The modern leader has to weather and face a plethora of situations like financial and political scandals,international pressure,public image,regulation and the current business mood and in this context it is also worth noting that gender and national culture issues have also reflected upon the common problems versus cultural specificity.(Individual responsibility v Corporate conscience). CONCLUSION This report concludes that the term "Leadership"is subjectively constructed and the whole concept has many dimensions.For Gardner (1995, p. 292), "The greatest challenge the leaders face is to bring about significant and lasting changes in a large and heterogeneous group". The link between leadership and ethics and gender has been accordingly explored to reflect cultural contexts aswell. INTRODUCTION The meaning and usage of the notion of leadership as an ingredient of success and value in an organisations contemporary structure has received a mixed response from the business academia,where skeptics have gone as far as to say that "All definitions are arbitrary. They reflect choices that cannot be proved or validated" (Shamir and Eilam 2005:395).The question is that when we seek an authentic meaning of the role of leadership instead of the "glittery and shiny"part it can be seen that the mere display of socially desirable behaviours does not make a good leader.Rather good leadership in the organisational structure should exhibit something more "genuine" and decisions based on a leaders courage to follow his or her own convictions.(Shamir and Eilam 2005) .According to Cooper et al (2005) this would indicate that we should be looking at leadership behaviours rather than styles like transformational, transactional, etc and there is a need to discuss how the leadership in promoting s uccess in contemporary organisations has to be multidimensional with regard to drawing from the elements such as traits, behaviors, and contexts.This

Children with Special Educational Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Children with Special Educational Needs - Essay Example It was then things started to improve for the mentally and physically disabled children. Instead of calling the mentally and physically challenged children as handicapped, these children were then referred as special educational needs children; a more respectable name. The government of the United Kingdom started to design policies and take initiatives in order to provide equal status to these special needs children. It was undertaken by the department of education to look after the matter of special needs children and build schools accordingly (Gabbitas Educational Consultants, 2012). After the late nineteen fifties, the government of many countries started to make effort to give the physically and mentally challenged people their deserved rights and status in the society. The children with mental and physical disabilities also have the right to study, play, and work and do whatever normal children are allowed to do in the society and at school. These physically and mentally challen ged people also have feelings and are in fact more sensitive and delicate than normal children. These children must be taken under extra care and a very friendly environment so that their self-confidence is not sabotaged and harmed, so that they can grow up to become strong and responsible citizens of the society. It is a general thought that these physically and mentally challenged people are of no use for the society but in fact this is not the case, if these children are brought under proper care and guidance and are given the liberty to do whatever they can do best like any other normal children, there is no doubt that they can also do wonders for the society. Now many countries have government as well as private... This paper approves the government also initiated a campaign to hire new, young, energetic and enthusiastic teachers who are willing to spend time with these special children and make efforts to improve the life and make their life better. A proper hiring process is followed to hire the right person and the government itself carries the process under the supervision of qualified personnel so that the right person is hired and a capable person is hired who can give proper training and education to the special children. This paper makes a conclusion an act was passed by the government that is the duty of the government bodies to identify the children who require special education and then carry out a complete investigation regarding their health, family and psychological background and make conclusions and appoint the right school accordingly. It is also the duty of the government bodies to make sure that the special children are being taught and educate din the proper way and are being helped out with whatever disability they have. The government has made supervising teams whose job is to travel different schools without prior notice and observe the teaching method and curriculum being followed and the way the children are being treated and taken care of. There are numerous other small and large scale initiatives that have been taken by the government in order to make education available for all and give every child equal status and privilege without any discrimination on any grounds.

How to Interact with Customers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

How to Interact with Customers - Essay Example In this particular case, it has to be highlighted that the issues faced by the consumers on the purchase of the products of the company’s sales’ department needed solutions. This makes the customers and consumers of the products call up to the customer service department. It is to be highlighted and mentioned that when the customers opt to call up the customer service executives of the company, they are in drastic and urgent need of help and support. The process of customer care executives asking them about their sales transaction details are bound to heighten the frustration level of the consumers and customers since it adds up to the delay in getting the desired solution. It also needs to be taken into consideration that in some cases, it might so happen that the customers may not have the sales transaction details at their immediate disposal. This might result in the process of being avoided or getting delayed in terms of getting a recommendable solution to their pro blem. In order to tackle this issue, the company can focus on implementing technology-based upgrades in its customer services. To start in the most traditional way, it can be said that the company goes for an upgrade of their entire customer support software. The new software should be having a feature which will allow the customer service representative to simply type the consumer name and id and thereby pull up the relevant details associated with their individual transaction. However, in the scenario, the company wants to quicken the process of tackling the issue, the company can focus on analyzing the customer queries that are commonly asked by the consumers and customers. It has to be said that the company will need to utilize the tactic of ‘listen and engage’. In order to start with the process of listening to the consumers and customer needs, the company needs to analyze the most frequently asked queries of the consumers. Once, the common queries are being identi fied, the company can focus on the process of designing a special section on the website with the label of frequently asked questions or (FAQs). The company can also opt for designing a user community-based page, which can be integrated with the company’s website. While talking about positioning the page, it has to be mentioned that the page should be placed in the portion of the website which will talk about the frequently asked questions. Also, the consumers who have purchased products from the company’s sales department has to be communicated about the existence of this page through email. This will help the consumers to deal with the product related issues, by asking fellow buyers and users of the same product. By having these particular features in the website, the company will be empowering the customers to troubleshoot their own set of product-related problems on the basis of self help. The self help feature will help in a great way to eradicate the need of call ing the customer service representative at all times. This is sure to provide a great amount of boost in regards to tackling of the issues related to the frustration level of the customers, since it will not be necessary from them to provide the details of their sales transactions at the first place.  

The History Of Cloud Computing Information Technology Essay

The History Of Cloud Computing Information Technology Essay Cloud Computing are data and applications that are accessible through servers around the world (Clouds), and it can be reached at any time, from any device without installing that specific application to your computer. Data management within cloud involves extreme parallelization and distribution of data. Its goals are to provide quickness in which applications are deployed, increase the technology, and lower costs, all while increasing business agility.   The different types of services including IaaS, PaaS, SaaS have been projected for cloud computing. But, consumers want effective and efficient security for their virtual machines. There is some cloud providers that offer security-as-a-service based on VM introspection that promise the best of both worlds: efficient centralization and effective protection. Since customers can move data and apps from one cloud to another, an effective solution requires learning what providers to work with and what they secure. This report will provide detailed understanding of cloud computing and its major security issues. This will include the history of Cloud Computing, the models, its characteristics, deployment models, applications, advantages and disadvantages, security issues and other concerns. Key Words Access Control Cloud Computing Cloud Security Delivery Models Deployment Models SPI This Report is organized the following: Chapter 1: Introductions Chapter 2: Defining Cloud Computing Chapter 3: Cloud Security Chapter 4: Conclusion/Future Research Introduction Clouds is a metaphor for the Internet, the term Cloud Computing for computation over the Internet. It allows users to access resources database and Internet applications from anywhere as long as needed without worrying about maintenance or management of real resources. In addition, the databases in the cloud are very dynamic and evolving. Cloud Computing is unlike grid computing, utility computing, or autonomic computing. In fact, it is a very independent platform in terms of computing. The best example of cloud computing if Google Apps where any application can be accessed using a browser and it can be deployed on thousands of computer through the internet. Most of the data is stored on local networks with servers that may be clustered and sharing storage. This approach has had time to be developed into stable architecture, and provide decent redundancy when deployed right. Pinal Dave. Introduction to Cloud Computing Published 10 Apr 2009 This new technology, cloud computing, requires the attention and it changes rapidly the direction of the technology. Whether it is Googles file system or Microsoft Azure, it is clear that cloud computing has arrived with much to learn. In dealing with the abstract concept of the cloud, it is easy to misunderstand the structure and function. Defining Cloud Computing What is Cloud Computing? Cloud computing is a type of computation over the Internet. It shares resources instead of using a software or hardware on a physical computer. Cloud computing can be software and infrastructure. And, it can improve collaboration, mobility, size and availability features. It also improves cost reduction by offering a centralized platform for use when needed, and the reduction of energy consumption. Unlike grid computing, cloud computing can be hosted externally, but also internally, especially for companies who have businesses around the world. Consumers will no longer have to download and install memory-hogging applications and software on their device and will instead have access to everything they need via the browser. With this model, most of the computing software will be rented on an as-needed basis rather than being bought as an expensive one-off purchase. what is cloud computing and how to use it. February 11, 2010 . There are many definitions that try to answer the clouds of todays point of view of developers, researchers, administrators, engineers and consumers. This report focuses on a definition that is specifically tailored to the unique perspectives of IT network and security professionals. 2.2. History of Cloud Computing Originally, Cloud Computing was an unclear term for a vague and distant future in which computing would occur in a few remote locations without the need for very much human intervention. Infinite computing resources would be available for every need at prices approaching zero. Certainly, users would not care about how the computers, their software, or the network functioned. The idea of an intergalactic computer network was introduced in the 60s by J.C.R. Licklider, who was responsible for enabling the development of ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) in 1969. His vision was for everyone on the globe to be interconnected and accessing programs and data at any site, from anywhere, explained Margaret Lewis, product marketing director at AMD. It is a vision that sounds a lot like what we are calling cloud computing. History of cloud computing Computer Weekly (2009). Computer scientist John McCarthy, who attributed the cloud concept, proposed the idea of computation being delivered as a public utility, similar to the service bureaus which date back to the 60s. Since the 60s, cloud computing has developed along a number of lines, with Web 2.0 being the most recent evolution. However, since the internet only started to offer significant bandwidth in the 90s, cloud computing for the masses has been something of a late developer. In the past, the computers were connected from a larger computer. It was a common technique in industry. The technique enabled you to configure the computer to talk to each other with specially designed protocols to balance the computational load across machines. As a user you didnt care about what CPU was running the program, and cluster management software ensured that the best CPU at that time was used to execute the code. In the early 1990s Ian Foster and Carl Kesselman came up with a new concept of The Grid. The analogy used was of the electricity grid where users could plug into the grid and use a metered utility service. If companies dont have their own powers stations, but rather access a third party electricity supply, why cant the same apply to computing resources? Plug into a grid of computers and pay for what you use. Cloud Expo: Article A Brief History of Cloud Computing: Is the Cloud There Yet? Paul Wallis August 22, 2008 One of the first milestones for cloud computing was the arrival of Salesforce.com in 1999, which pioneered the concept of delivering enterprise applications via a simple website. The services firm paved the way for both specialist and mainstream software firms to deliver applications over the internet. The next development was Amazon Web Services in 2002, which provided a suite of cloud-based services including storage, computation and even human intelligence through the Amazon Mechanical Turk. Then in 2006, Amazon launched its Elastic Compute cloud (EC2) as a commercial web service that allows small companies and individuals to rent computers on which to run their own computer applications. Amazon EC2/S3 was the first widely accessible cloud computing infrastructure service, said Jeremy Allaire, CEO of Brightcove, which provides its SaaS online video platform to UK TV stations and newspapers. A history of cloud computing Arif  Mohamed   Friday 27 March 2009 Another big milestone came in 2009, as Web 2.0 hit its stride, and Google and others started to offer browser-based enterprise applications, though services such as Google Apps. Today, many companies are setting up data centers, sometimes as an extension of their own needs, sometimes only to serve customers. Originally, the idea of these clouds was to provide power and storage capacity. Everything else will be taken up by the customer. Now providers offer many services depending on the consumer needs. Source: http://www.fuzeboxinc.com/Extras/Blog/ 2.3. SPI for Cloud Computing SPI. This abbreviation stands for the three major services in the cloud. Software-as-a-Service, Platform-as-a-Service, and Infrastructure-as-a-Service. Source: http://texdexter.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/figure-1-cloud-computing-architecture.jpg 2.4. Delivery Models Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)- Instead of wasting money on servers, software, hardware, racks..etc. the provider would resource the service. This will be on demand computing and whatever the amount is consumed that what the consumer will be charged. This service can be hosted or via VPS(virtual private servers) Major Infrastructure Vendors Below are companies that provide infrastructure services: Google (GOOG) Managed hosting, development environment International Business Machines (IBM) Managed hosting SAVVIS (SVVS) Managed hosting Terremark Worldwide (TMRK) Managed hosting Amazon.com (AMZN) Cloud storage Rackspace Hosting (RAX) Managed hosting cloud computing Cloud platform services (PaaS)- delivers a platform or a solution stack as a service. This makes the delivery of applications easier without the cost of hardware or software. Like Salesforce.coms, which lets subscribers access their applications over the cloud. Amazon, Google, and Microsoft have also allow the users access their applications from centralized servers. Software as a service (SaaS)- is  software in the cloud. This deployment model is absolutely through the web browser. This eliminates the installation of applications on the consumers computer making it easy to access as simplifying maintenance and support. Characteristic of SaaS: Availability via a web browser on demand availability payment terms based on usage minimal IT demands 2.5. Deployment Models Private cloud- This is used only for organizations. Can be managed by the organization or to third parties and can exist on premise or off premise. Community cloud- This is used by many organizations working together, and is compatible with a particular community, which shared the concerns (eg, mission, security requirements, policy and compliance). It can be managed by organizations or third parties and can exist on premise or off premise. Public cloud- This is owned by cloud providers and is used by a larger organization or the general public. Hybrid cloud- Cloud Infrastructure is composed of two or more clouds (private, community or the public), that remain unique entities, but are caused by a standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and applications. 2.6. Essential Characteristics What is Cloud Computing? On-demand self-service- A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each services provider. Broad network access- Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs). Resource pooling- The providers computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location independence in that, the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). This includes storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines. Rapid elasticity- Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time. Measured Service- Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. Source: www.katescomment.com/images/CloudCube.png Cloud Security 3.1. Pros and Cons The main question is whether users are prepared to use the service from your local computer and are moving into the cloud because cloud computing has advantages and disadvantages to all potential users, but may have different meanings for different users. Pros Reduced Cost: Cloud technology is paid incrementally (you pay only for what you need), saving organizations money in the short run. Money saved can be used for other important resources. Increased Storage: Companies can save more data than on servers. Highly Automated: IT staff not needed to keep software up to date as maintenance is the job of the service provider on the cloud. More Mobility: Employees can access information wherever they are. Allows IT to Shift Focus: No longer having to worry about constant server updates and other computing issues, government organizations will be free to concentrate on innovation. Cons Security: standards depending on company and global location Reliance on 3rd Party: Control over own data is lost in the hands of an difficult-to-trust provider Cost of transition: Is it feasible for me to move from the existing architecture of my data center to the architecture of the cloud? Uncertainty of benefits: Are there any long term benefits? Today, customers are looking expand their on-premises infrastructure, but cannot afford the risk of compromising the security of their applications and data. In this survey of IDC, security ranked first as the greatest challenge or issue in cloud computing. Source: IDC Enterprise Panel What is Cloud Security? Security in the cloud, is not different than security control. But, because of the cloud models for contractual services, business models and technologies are used to cloud services, cloud computing different risks of a traditional organization of IT solutions can have. Cloud Computing is to lose control and accountability at the same time, but operational responsibility lies with one or more other parties. Not all services are the same. This depends on the provider you choose. This picture below illustrates the issue in SaaS where the contracts are negotiable; service levels, privacy, and compliance are all issues to be dealt with legally in contracts. In an IaaS, the remainder of the stack is the responsibility of the costumer. PaaS offers a balance in between, where the provider is in charge of securing the platform, but securing the application developed against the platform and developing them securely, both belong to the consumer. Source: http://www.rationalsurvivability.com/blog/wp-content/media/2009/07/CloudRefModel.html The technology has many advantages for employers. It is a simple solution that is cost effective, and can be updated easily and as quickly as the business grows, especially during peak sales. Many entrepreneurs do not do their homework when registering with a provider of cloud, and neglect to ask whether sensitive data can be isolated or not, or what layers of security is available. Cloud Security Top Threats According to CSA (Cloud Security Alliance) The report, titled Top Threats to Cloud Computing V1.0, These are the following threats in cloud computing: Abuse and Nefarious use of Cloud Computing: Attackers can find a way to upload malware to thousands of computers and use the power of the cloud infrastructure to attack other machines.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ Insecure Application Programming Interfaces: The reuse and combination of existing code to rapidly build applications often sacrifices quality assurance for agility and quick turnaround, resulting in insecure APIs. Malicious Insiders: One that gains in importance as many providers still dont reveal how the hire people, how they grant them access to assets or how they monitor them. Transparency is, in this case, vital to a secure cloud offering, along with compliance reporting and breach notification. Shared Technology Vulnerabilities: Sharing infrastructure is a way of life for IaaS providers. Unfortunately, the components on which this infrastructure is based were not designed for that. To ensure that customers dont thread on each others territory, monitoring and strong compartmentalization is required, not to mention scanning for and patching of vulnerabilities that might jeopardize this coexistence. Data Lose/Leakage: Using security control to protect the inside data in a company. This control is hard to apply to new environment. There is a lack of having the ability to monitor and control what is going on. Accounting, Services and Traffic Hijacking: The cloud is vulnerable to hacking. Like being redirected to malicious sites. Unknown risk profile: The customer are not well informed on where their applications are being reside, nor the configurations of the systems. Access Control in the Cloud In a traditional network, access control focuses on protecting from unauthorized users based on host-based attributes. Which sometimes is inadequate, this can cause inaccurate accounting. In the cloud, the access control works as a cloud firewall policy. This is by using rules using TCP/IP parameters, including the source of IP, the source port, the IP destination and the port destination. Unlike the network-based access control, the access should be strongly focused in the cloud by binding the users identity to the resource in the cloud and will help protect access control, data protection and users accounts. ISO/IEC 27002 has defined six access control objectives that cover end user, privileged user, network, application, and information access control. The objective is to ensure that the authorized user have access the right information and unauthorized users are prevented from accessing the systems. A procedure should take place and should cover all stages in the lifecycle of the user access, staring from the registration of the new user to the final step which is denying the user who will no longer need to access the information in the system. The following are the six control statements: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Control access to information. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Manage user access rights. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Encourage good access practices. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Control access to network services. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Control access to operating systems. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Control access to applications and systems. The reasons for this six control statements from the view of IT security, is providing access to information and applications to authorized users. The objective of this task is to provide the right users the right services, while preventing access to unauthorized users. Conclusion/Future Research 4.1. Conclusion Cloud computing is increasingly popular. Industry leaders like Microsoft, Google and IBM, have been promoting cloud computing and have gain a lot of costumer. But the rest of the public that are still doing research on the topic are still doubting and afraid to migrate to the cloud. There are still many questions left without any answer and the most important one is security. On the other hand, Cloud Computing is the most amazing technology that has happened recently. It is easy to use, cheaper, faster, and convenient. The question is whether the users are ready to move and if so, what providers to move to. Security technology must be developed specifically for the protection of the business in the cloud. The technology has changed and security needs to keep up with it. Future Work According to btsecurethinking.com, Breach Security is working with partners, such as Akamai, to provide web application security in the cloud. Example, when deployed with Akamais Web Application Firewall service, Breachs WebDefend Global Event Manager is the first web application security management solution to defend against global application security threats by enabling customers to make distributed cloud and data center defense-in-depth architectures operational. CSA and HP are still doing research on top threats and intended to alert businesses to current and future cloud computing risks.

Nursing Models :: Health Care, The RTL Model

A model is a simplified representation of the structure and content of a phenomenon or system that describes or explains the complex relationships between concepts within the system and integrates elements of theory and practice (Creek et al 1993). A nursing model is a collection of ideas and knowledge that represents nursing from the writers’ perspective, presenting different ways of looking at and understanding nursing (Aggleton & Chalmers, 2000; Hogston & Simpson, 2002). Thus, nursing model is a concept of what nursing is and are used as a tool to assess patient's needs/problems. Nursing model differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that it serves the purpose of describing, explaining, predicting and controlling desired outcomes of nursing practices. Models can be tested, changed, or used to guide research or to provide a base for evaluation(Blais,2002). There are many models available including Roper Logan Tierney (RLT) (1996).The RLT model, which my portfolio is based, offers a framework for nurses to be able to ensure that individuality is taken into account when undertaking nursing care. In order to ensure that all aspects of an individual's life are integrated into an effective plan of care, Roper at al (1996) uses a problem solving approach and the nursing process in conjunction with their model for nursing. The RLT model is holistic, as it identifies five components, including the activities of Daily living (ADL), life span, dependence/independence, factors influencing AL and individuality in living, which are interrelated (Healy & Timmins, 2003; Holland et al, 2004; Roper et al, 1996). Roper et al (2000) view the patient as an individual that lives through the life span, with changing levels of dependence and independence, depending on age, circumstances and the environment (Healy & Timmins, 2003). The twelve ADL are influenced by five factors, namely; biological, psychological, sociocultural, and environmental and politico economic (Healy & Timmins, 2003; Holland et al, 2004; Roper et al, 1996). The RLT model individualises care using the nursing process. The model guides the nursing process, as it informs the nurse to assess the ADL (Holland et al, 2003; Roper et al, 2000; Tierney, 1998). Nursing models are flexible and can be altered to achieve individualised care, meaning the needs of an individual patient are met at a particular point in time (Radwin & Alster, 2002). However, it is not always achieved in practice (Waters & Easton, 1999).