Maslow s Theory Of Motivation - 1236 Words

Discuss Maslow’s Theory of motivation. How can it be applied at workplace? Discuss differences between Intrinsic and Extrinsic factors along with examples. One of the most popular theories is Abraham Maslow’s theory of inspiration which tells that people to achieve certain needs gets inspired under certain conditions and one of the basic needs to get motivated is survival and this is the first and foremost thing which motivates someone’s behavior. Maslow’s theory comprises five tiers of human needs which are divided mainly in three broad categories that are 1) Basic needs a) Physiological needs: comprises things like food, water, rest, home etc. b) Safety needs: comprises security, law, stability, freedom etc. 2) Psychological needs a)†¦show more content†¦INTRINSIC MOTIVATION: Intrinsic motivation is the motivation which comes from inside an individual because we enjoy the activity itself. It’s the self desire to seek out or to bring out something new. For example: If someone wakes up early in the morning and does exercises, yoga and pranayam for keeping the body healthy and for the self pleasure, then he is self motivated or intrinsically motivated person. EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION Extrinsic motivation is the motivation which comes from outside or from others. An individual do things for tangible rewards or pressures, rather than for the fun of it. For example: If a student is not working hard then he is motivated by his parents and teachers to get good grades and to work harder by giving different examples of successful people which comes under extrinsic motivation. Describe the main decision traps faced by the individuals. How these may be avoided? 1) Framing The foremost step in decision making is to frame a question which is quiet dangerous as how one forms a question influence your choice. How to avoid: a) Don’t automatically accept the initially made frame. Check the problem by different ways and perspectives and frame accordingly. b) Putting yourself in the situation c) Take time and Think and check the distortions made by the problem. 2) Overconfidence Sometimes a person flows in the sea of overconfidence about his judgmental abilities and accuracy as heShow MoreRelatedMaslow s Theory On Human Motivation1310 Words   |  6 PagesMaslow’s (1943) hierarchy of needs was one of the earliest theories developed on human motivation. With the basic principle that higher-level motives could not become active before the basic needs had been met (Lahey, 2001). Maslow suggested that these basic needs such as food, water and safety needed to be in place and satisfied before motivation to meet higher needs is possible and takes effect. Maslow (1943) organised these human needs into five sets and then arranged those into a pyramid, withRead MoreMotivation And Maslow s Theory1324 Words   |  6 Pages In order to understand a person motivation you have to understand individuals basic needs and whether are not they are being met. A good manager has to know how those need interact with a person’s motivation and Maslow Theory is the good example. Maslow’s theory is that needs are arranged in a hierarchy, the lowest level needs physiological needs to the highest levels or self-actualization needs (Ivancevich et al., 2011). Physiological is the lowest level and it is the need for food and shelterRead MoreAbraham Maslow s Theory On Motivation1390 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Maslow Many psychologists have been influential in the field of psychology but one of those that has achieved this more than most was Abraham Maslow. Abraham Maslow (April 1, 1908- June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist who is best known for his theories on motivation, his hierarchy of needs and as being one of the founding fathers of humanistic psychology (Popova, date unknown). As he is largely associated with such themes such as motivation, needs and humanistic psychology the assignmentRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Motivation Essay1323 Words   |  6 Pagesmotivational theories discussed. Many of the theories discussed have raised great awareness to the issue of motivation and how to properly inspire people for high performance within an organization. Although many motivational theories address the topic in a serviceable way, there have been four that have stood out from the rest: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Hygiene Theory, McGregor’s XY Theory, and Expectancy Theory I would consider to be the most significant theories of motivation. AbrahamRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Human Motivation Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1943 Humanistic Psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed his Theory of Human Motivation. In this paper he outlines what he believes to be a humans hierarchy of needs. Maslow suggests in his journal that one must meet the needs of the previous level before moving on to meet the needs of the next one on the hierarchy. According to Maslow there are 5 tiers of human needs: physiological, security, belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization. In Welch, West Virginia Jeanette and her siblings must adjustRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Motivation1684 Words   |  7 PagesMaslow 1943 believed individuals have a set of motivations that are related to rewards and their unconscious desires. People are motivated to achieve certain needs and once their needs are fulfilled individuals will move on to the next one (Corey, 2005). Maslow created a five stage hierarchy of needs pyramid he stated that basic needs m ust be met in order to progress onto the next level of needs. These are the following needs Maslow identified on the pyramid: 1. physiological 2. safety 3.Read MoreMaslow s Theory Of Motivation1103 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ NEED THEORIES Need theories describes motivation as â€Å"the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organisational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need† In this context, a need is an internal state that cause a specific result to look pleasant. An individual’s drives are stimulated when tension is created due to an unsatisfied need. A search behaviour is generated to locate specific goals, if this is obtained, the need will be satisfied and the tensionRead MoreAbraham Maslow s Theory Of Human Motivation1670 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Maslow Abraham Maslow was always visually examining the greater scope of human nature. Whereas most of his counterparts of his day seemed to be more concerned with a narrower scope, Maslow s own vision was far-reaching. His lifetime of revelations in motivation and personality transcended academic psychology, and extended into the major business fields of management and marketing. Maslow additionally explored how and individual perceives their existence and beginning to display signs ofRead MoreMaslow S Theory Of Motivation And Hierarchy Of Needs2239 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs Theory Pablo Valdez Liberty University Abstract Abraham Maslow introduced a very simple way of understanding the needs of a person. The Hierarchy of Needs sorts the needs of the lowest and most basic levels to the higher levels. Maslow then arises within their theory of personality, the concept of hierarchy of needs, which needs are structurally organized with varying degrees of power, according to a biological determination given by our genetic makeupRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Human Motivation901 Words   |  4 PagesIn our everyday lives, we go through certain needs and behaviors. Abraham Maslow’s article of Theory of Human Motivation begins with the explanation of the Basic Needs of behavior. He goes over how our basic needs are safety, love, self-esteem, and self-actualization. (Physiological needs tend to go along with the other four needs.) When it comes to craving violence, four of the above needs apply to the given behavior. Starting with physiological needs; they are those needs that include survival

The Battle for Power in the Garden of Eden Essay - 618 Words

The struggle for power in the world, in life, in jobs or in relationships has been an ongoing theme in humanity. Many philosophers and thinkers have explored humanitys desire to be in control. Hemingway was one author to explore womans desire (during the early 1900s) to be in control of, or at least equal to, her husband. In The Garden of Eden by Ernest Hemingway, the anti-heroine, Catherine, goes to great lengths to gain power in her relationship with her husband. Her need to be equal causes her to `make herself into a boy, keep secrets from her husband, try to control him in various ways, introduce another woman into their relationship and burn all of Davids stories. All of these acts also eventually lead her into insanity. In†¦show more content†¦She cannot bear the fact that she is lesser than him so she does all things possible to make herself equal to David and control him. She knows that with enough pushing and whining, she can get David to do almost anything she wants him to do and towards the end of the book, even tells him that she knows he will do anything she asks him to do. At one point, Catherine tells Marita that David has been using her money to fund his books. Her simple statement reveals that she prizes this one thing that she can lord over David. It is just one of the few things that she has that makes her more in control. As Catherine progresses more and more into her sick perversion, she meets a girl called Marita and decides that Marita and David should form a relationship in addition to the one they already have. The fact that she wants to have another woman in their relationship is an odd one. One would wonder why she would ever want to do this. However, the answer to the question of why she acts in this way is control. The fact that she introduced Marita and David gives her much pleasure because she knows that she is the reason for Davids happiness. She has controlled another aspect of his life by putting this other woman in the picture. She also tries to control every aspect of the two relationships by designating days in which Marita and David will be together and then days in which she and David will be together. Whenever Catherine feels likeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Great Gatsby 1579 Words   |  7 Pagestherefore his literature demonstrates it’s religion . For example, when Giovanni, the medical student, is observing Doctor Rappaccini’s garden. The first thing he notices is all the great vegetation. As he continues observing, he sees Rappaccini is touching the plants with gloves and he is being very careful not to inhale its fragrance. He wonders if this garden is the Eden of modern times in the following passage: Nevertheless, in spite of the deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacyRead MoreThe Sacredness Of Mount Moriah1604 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Covenant in Exodus 25. This tangible presence of God did not reside in one location, but traveled with the Jewish people inside a tabernacle as instructed by the Lord. This physical representation of the divine led the Israelite armies into battle and assisted them in their journey to the promise land. The permanent placement of the Ark inside Solomon’s Temple is seen as the permanent residence for the tangible presence of the Israelite God. Solomon speaks to the Lord after constructing theRead More Food as Symbol and Symbolism in Toni Morrison’s Beloved Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pagesstories from the Bible – the story of the Fall from Grace in the Garden of Eden in the Old Testament and the story of Jesus’ feeding of the hungry with an endless supply of loaves and fishes in the New Testamen t. In these passages of Beloved, Morrison relocates the reader to the true beginning of the story, the day that Sethe tries to kill her children. In addition, the passage alludes to the eating of the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden and the overindulgence is analogous to the parable of the LoavesRead MoreThemes Of Art : Religion / Mythology And Worship1271 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Bible. In this story, David accepts Goliaths challenge to a duel that will decide the outcome of the battle between the Israelites and the Philistines. Barefoot and armor less, David uses his sling to launch a stone at the forehead of Goliath, bringing down his mighty foe. After Goliath is brought down upon his chest, David takes Goliaths great sword and cuts off his head, winning the battle for the Israelites. Painted in the 17th century, David Slaying Goliath was a post Renaissance paintingRead MoreHuman Sin in Boschs Garden of Delights Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Sin in Boschs Garden of Delights Hieronymus Bosch, a Nertherlandish painter is known for his fantastic visual interpretations of hell, death sin and folly. Little is known about Bosch except that he spent his life in the provincial town of sHertogenbosch and that he died an old man in 1516. His work, full of weird and seemingly irrational imagery has proved so difficult to interpret that much of it despite the remarkable insights contributed by recent research, remains unsolved. This studyRead MoreThe And Benefits Of Human Sin1341 Words   |  6 Pagesof Knowledge, and the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden all share in common the stern consequences of human actions in the face of God. The significance of these biblical events are often associated with negative views of the punishments that were placed. The Tower of Babel is associated with God’s punishment of â€Å"scattering† humans across the earth thus separating a once unified people. The expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden for eatin g the Fruit of the tree of Knowledge is discernedRead MoreSymbols in Perelandra by C.S. Lewis1932 Words   |  5 Pagesrelevant fantasy novels ever written. Set on the exotic planet of Perelandra (Venus), it contains within its pages the Creation legend of Adam and Eve, set in our time but in a different world. Perelandra is a story of an unspoiled world, the Garden of Eden denied to the residents of earth but still open to the two inhabitants of Perelandra. C.S. Lewis uses this unspoiled planet to retell the biblical creation myth of Adam and Eve. In the book, Maleldil, the supernatural ruler of the Solar SystemRead MoreGood vs. Evil1659 Words   |  7 Pagesenjoyed killing these spearmen, making him Beowulf s first evil creature. Evil in Beowulf is also considered to never be satisfied almost like an addiction in which no assault can quench Grendel. Power would also be a good characteristic because Grendel is seen to be powerful, having some sort of magical powers and canâ€℠¢t be harmed by weapons. The Danes fear of Grendel makes him even more powerful because no one dares challenge him. Grendel’s only fear is that of king Hrothgar’s throne because it is â€Å"protectedRead MoreHesiods Theogony And Genesis Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pagesapproaches; yet, still sharing many similarities. Available evidence suggests that gods(goddesses) and God are, in fact, not omnipotent especially at gaining â€Å"power† despite their astonishing fortes. Their desires and limited faculties ultimately lead the world into a disarrayed predicament. Gods and goddesses use different methods of obtaining power; those in Theogony primarily focused on cooperation and coalition, while God in Genesis emphasizes on creation and discovery. Research on Greek MythologyRead MoreMyths and Legends from the World Essay1062 Words   |  5 Pagescreated animals so that Adam would not be by himself. But God saw that Adam needed a human partner, so he put Adam to sleep and took one of his ribs from his side and created Eve. Adam and Eve had a garden called Eden, Eden had four rivers the flowed out of the garden and into the world, but the Garden of Eden is a different myth. God made a tree, the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, the tree had a fruit that was forbidden. God said not to eat the forbidden fruit, but the serpent on the tree persuaded

Poland’s Yacht-Building Industry Rides the Crest of Wave Free Essays

Poland’s yacht-building industry rides crest of wave While Poland’s famous Gdansk shipyards face an uncertain future, the country’s yachting industry, centred in the northern Lake District, is experiencing phenomenal growth and is set to become a European yacht-building hub. Exports already reach almost all corners of the world due to a combination of good quality and low prices helped by the falling dollar. â€Å"We hold first place in Europe in the production of sailing yachts six to nine metres long,† claims Marek Slodownik, an official in the Polish Chamber of Boating Industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Poland’s Yacht-Building Industry Rides the Crest of Wave or any similar topic only for you Order Now Slodownik says that yachts hold sixth place on the list of exported industrial products, with more than 95% of the sailing and motor yachts made in Poland now going for export, chiefly to Germany, the UK, France and Norway. â€Å"Sales of yachts grew by 12% in 2006 against 2005, and 2007 is expected to be quite a good year too,† predicts Slodownik. Indeed, the value of exported yachts was PLN440m (â‚ ¬123m) in the first six months of 2007, Poland’s Central Statistical Office reports, with about 9,000 yachts sold abroad during the period. Norway bought 1,900 yachts, France 1,800, and Germany 1,500.Polish yachts, in smaller quantities, were exported to French Polynesia, Japan, Hong Kong and Australia. â€Å"The yacht-building sector is growing swiftly and Poland can become a European centre in the area of yacht construction,† reckons Marek Wilanowski, owner and CEO of the company Skipper Yachts, another major Polish producer that expects to boost production by 30% next year. â€Å"Our future is exports. † Diving for pearls The situation of the yacht-building business stands in stark contrast to that of the country’s shipbuilding one.The government’s battle to save the Gdansk shipyard with dollops of aid, despite criticism from the European Commission, culminated in an agreement in November to sell the complex to a Ukrainian company. Even so, the shipyard now employs only about 3,000 people, a fraction of the workforce it had when communist rule ended in 1989. The same market forces that deteriorated the standing of the shipyards are the same forces that have allowed the yacht-building sector to develop. Initially, there were small workshops making basic yachting equipment such as ropes or various gadgets.Over the years they have grown in power and in number. About 100 yacht- and boat-building companies were recorded by 2005. Their managers formed the Polish Chamber of Boating Industry and Water Activities in 2006 to promote the sale of yachts abroad and in Poland. Annual boat shows held in Lodz, central Poland, drew clients from all over Europe for many years eager to see brigs, barques, sloops and schooners. â€Å"Only 10 years ago, exported yachts were sold under the logo of the western companies we cooperate with,† says Slodownik. Now the products carry the names of the Polish yacht yards because their quality is so good. † The managers of the yacht yards are optimistic about their future. Wojciech Kot, head of the Polish Chamber of Boating Industry and owner of the Delphia Yachts yard at Olecko, northern Poland, one of the country’s biggest, says the demand for yachts is so high that prices are now rising. â€Å"We are also asked to produce more luxury yachts,† says Kot, whose company employs 600 workers and makes 2,000 motorboats and 300 sailing yachts annually.A luxury-class, nine-metre-long yacht with a shower, kitchenette and beds costs about â‚ ¬56,000. Given that the manufacturers buy yacht equipment for dollars, chiefly in the US, the falling rate of the dollar means that the prices of the Polish yachts are very competitive on the international markets this year. â€Å"That is why there is such high demand for the Polish yachts and motor boats,† says Andrzej Margalski, th e manager of AM Yacht Service at Ostroda. Margalski runs a family business, employs 25 highly skilled workers and makes about 130 motor boats annually. How to cite Poland’s Yacht-Building Industry Rides the Crest of Wave, Papers

International Organizations and Sustainable - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theInternational Organizations and Sustainable Tourism. Answer: Introduction The tourism fraternity is one of the largest and fastest developing industries in the world. It has remained pivotal in defining the economic status of most countries across the world. In addition, the industry has not only created wealth but also presented many individuals with employment opportunities thereby raising their standards of living. Tourism mainly involves the process by which the attractive aspects of nature including plants, animals and geographical sites are conserved through effective methods hence making these sites attractive to tourists. Individuals visit animal parks, natural sites comprising unique geographical set ups, lovely water bodies and beautiful forests harboring various species of plants and animals (Ashley and Goodwin, 2007). Such activities are always meant for entertainment and recreational purposes. However, when these regions are upgraded and conserved through the establishment of appropriate structures and management, the people visiting the touri st attraction sites are allowed to do so in exchange for a fee which in turn defines the industry as a major source of income for most countries. One of the basic aspects of tourism is the ecosystem which is the major platform on which all the attractive aspects about nature tend to exist. Consequently, the best approach to sustaining tourism would involve the implementation of efficient strategies to enhance the conservation of the ecosystem (Pronk, 2004)). The human activities in addition to other factors act as a threat to the continuity in the ability of the ecosystem to sustain tourism. In order to curb this challenge, various international organizations like UNESCO, UNEP, OECD and UNTWO just to mention but few, have come up with and hence implemented strategies meant to enhance the sustainability of tourism. This paper discusses the role of international organizations in the planning and implementation of strategies aimed at tourism sustainability and development. Roles of International Organizations Due to the crucial role of the tourism industry in defining the economic development of many countries, there is an inevitable need to identify and hence implement structures which would sustain its development. The environment is a crucial determinant of the extent to which a given region or surrounding remains attractive to tourists. The environment is characterized by the distribution of vegetation, type of soil, nature of terrain and the general topography. (Cooper et al., 2005). The vegetation in turn may attract animal activities leading to increase in population and the eventual complexity of the ecosystem. When this provision of nature is harnessed and improved through artificial means, for instance the creation of boundaries and confines, the environment is therefore converted into an important asset which earns the region good income through tourism. However, it is a fact worth noting that the environment ought to be sustained through effective measures. This is the point w here the roles of the international organizations become eminent. For instance, the United Nations Environmental Program has played a crucial role in enhancing environmental conservation which in turn has helped in maintaining a healthy balance within the ecosystem (Costa, 2001). In addition to offering educational services to societies around the tourist attraction areas on the importance of tourism attraction, UNEP has consistently provided material and financial support to most countries especially in Africa. These forms of aid are always meant to enable the better management of the tourist attraction sites. For example, between 2000-2005, the organization rolled out a program cutting across most countries in Asia and Africa aimed at educating and supporting the society in a bid to encourage the conservation of the natural environment (Garlick, 2002). The main objective of the organization in this case was to realize the conservation of the natural habitat for the various species of plants and animals which were otherwise diminishing as a result of human activities such as industrialization and agriculture. In order to enhance the sustainability of tourism, there is the need to upgrade the accessibility of the sites through good infrastructure and facilities. The international organizations have provided financial and material support to the tourism management bodies in a bid to assist in developing a good network of roads which in turn enhances accessibility (Gartner, 2003). The movement of tourists while within the attraction centers is adequately enhanced when the infrastructural arrangements are effective enough. Good network of roads go a long way in enhancing convenience especially when it comes to the movement of tourist into and within the attraction centers. The other important aspect of good infrastructure is the establishment of a reliable system of communication. Through communication, it becomes easier for the managers to have productive interactions with the clients, giving the schedules, charges and the necessary guidelines to support successful visits (Gssling, 2009). Th e international organizations such as UNEP and UNESCO have remained in the front row supporting different tourism bodies to help them achieve state of the art infrastructural systems. According to the World Commission on Environment and Development, the strategies applied to enhance sustainable tourism ought to be accompanied by the conservations of cultures, social and aesthetic values of the society. The international organizations have been instrumental in helping the tourism regions to sustain the strategies meant for economic development. For instance, in 2012 the Asian Development Bank (ADB) funded the development of the Greater Mekong Subregion. Through this strategy, the region realized a tremendous increase in the number of tourists to about 44.8 million. The organization achieved this by streamlining the visa requirements in addition to improving land and air connectivity in the region. By creating the right media through which individuals can move, the international organizations do not only enhance the development of the tourism centers but empowers the surrounding society as well. Through this strategy, sustainability is easily achieved especially when the set standards are maintained. Sustainable tourism largely calls for the effective management of the available natural resources in order to enhance the realization of economic and social benefits. In line with this argument it can be noted that the process of managing natural resources in order to sustain tourism may require special skills, idea and knowledge especially that of the ecosystem (Hughes, 2009). This therefore implies that the society needs constant exposure and education on matters of environmental conservation and management of the ecosystem. One of the international organizations which has remained instrumental in the provision of educational programs to the society is United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Being a pivotal member of the United Nations, the organization has introduced various educational programs in most countries in Asia, Europe and Africa. These programs are characterized by informative courses given to the members of the public on the benefits of environmental conservation which culminates in the conservation of the natural habits has sustaining tourism. The other example is the International Labor Organization which has worked closely with several tourism related bodies like the Ministry of Tourism Cambodia to ensure that the right employment procedures are used in a bid to enhance the workers welfare. The organization also encourages and supports staff empowerment through training and motivation. The trainings involve the introduction of scientific and more environmental friendly alternatives to human activities especially those that lead to environmental pollution. For instance, through the educational programs, the international bodies sensitize the members of the society on alternative and safer methods of waste disposal which go a long way in minimizing water, air and land pollution. Through these, the natural habitats for both plants and animals are conserved which offers a good ground on which the development of t ourism can be based. The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNTWO) has done a crucial job in introducing effective strategies aimed at enhancing sustainable tourism. The organization has done this by working closely with the governments of the affiliated countries, suggesting and implementing the relevant policies meant at enhancing the effective management of resources. The organization for instance encourages the governing authorities to implement staunch measures and punishments on individuals found guilty of environmental degradation by taking part in illegal activities (Korstanje and George, 2012). For instance, the World Tourism Organization has remained in the fore front on the war against unfair treatment of wildlife through illegal activities such as poaching (Lemelin, Dawson and Stewart, 2013). The international organization has also suggested effective approaches which would be used to modernize the process of tourism management. Such approaches may involve the use of modern structures in putting up boundaries to protect the wildlife from unwanted human activities (Phelps, 2006). The organization also supports the managers through seminars and exhibitions where the tourism employees as well as the other members of the society are empowered to various natural resource management measures. The core objective of sustainable tourism is to promote social, economic and aesthetic values. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has played a crucial role in enhancing the achievement of the objective above. The organization does this by promoting and suggesting the necessary policies to the various governing authorities across the world (Richardson and Crompton, 2008). These policies when implemented enhance economic, social and aesthetic values. The organization therefore creates the society, the visible link between effective management of natural resources and the resulting economic, social and aesthetic benefits of these activities. The role of OECD in this case involves encouraging the society to capture the economic and social importance of the natural environment in sustaining tourism and hence embrace the need to conserve this very environment. Conclusion From the discussion above, it can be deduced that the international organizations have played a good role in enhancing the sustainability of tourism activities in various countries across the world. Organizations such as UNEP, UNESCO, ADB, OECD, ILO and UNTWO have taken part in various initiatives aimed at empowering the society on the need for environmental conservation which in turn enhances sustainable tourism. The organizations enhance sustainable tourism through educational programs offered to both the employees and the members of the public. They also provide financial and material support to aid in the establishment of better structures which make tourism management easier and effective. Finally, in coordination with the governing authorities, the international organizations have introduced polices aimed not only at regulating undesired human activities but promoting safe practices which retain the balance within the ecosystem. This consequently goes a long way in enhancing su stainable tourism. References Ashley, D. and Goodwin, H (2007) Pro-Poor Tourism Strategies: Making Tourism Work for the Poor, London: ODI. Cooper, Chris; et al. (2005) Tourism: Principles and Practice. Harlow: Pearson Education Costa, P. (2001) Managing tourism carrying capacity of art cities. The Tourist Review, 46(4), pp. 811. Garlick, S. (2002) Revealing the unseen: Tourism, art and photography. Cultural Studies, 16(2), pp. 289305. Gartner, W. (2003) Image formation process. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 2, pp. 191216 Gssling, S. (2009) Ecotourism: a means to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Ecological Economics 29(2), pp. 303-320. Hughes, H. (2009) Tourism and the arts. Tourism Management, 10(2), pp. 9799. Korstanje, M. and George, B. (2012) Global warming and tourism: chronicles of apocalypse?. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 4(4), pp. 332-355. Lemelin, H., Dawson, J. and Stewart, E. (2013) Last chance tourism: adapting tourism opportunities in a changing world. New York: Routledge. Phelps, A. (2006) Holiday destination image: The problem of assessmentan example developed in Minorca. Tourism Management, 7(3), pp. 168180. Pronk, J. (2004) Catalysing development? A debate on aid, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Richardson, S. and Crompton, J. (2008) Cultural variations in perceptions of vacation attributes. Tourism Management, 9(2), pp. 128-36.